Ndrc: Air Conditioning Energy Efficiency Before The Promulgation Of New National Standard – Air
HC HVAC & R Network Recently, the State General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the Standardization Administration issued a new “room air conditioners limit value of energy efficiency and energy efficiency rating” mandatory national standards.

The standard by the National Development and Reform Commission, China Energy Foundation and management of Standardization Technical Committee, the Chinese Institute of Standardization, Beijing Industrial University, Qingdao Haier, Gree, Midea, etc. Guangdong jointly drafted, fully reflects the government guidance, a wide range of stakeholders involved in the standardization of ideas, in favor of the standard effectively.

The standard product provides a new room air conditioner energy efficiency limit value Energy Evaluation value, energy efficiency level indicators and test methods, inspection rules. The standard to improve the energy efficiency of room air conditioner product access threshold, compared with the existing standards, energy efficiency limit is increased by 23%. Among them, rated Refrigeration Less than equal to 4500W of split room air conditioner energy efficiency limit value of 3.2, rated cooling greater than 4500W 7100W of less than or equal to 3.1, greater than 7100W rated cooling for 3.0 less than or equal 14000W. Meanwhile, the new standards will be the size of the room air conditioner products according to energy efficiency is divided into three levels, including one that the highest energy efficiency; 2 that the value of energy efficiency rating, or evaluation of air conditioning products are the minimum requirements for energy efficiency; 3 that limits the value of energy efficiency, After the implementation of that standard products to achieve market access threshold.

Recent years, the state implemented a series of energy saving Reduction Policy measures to accelerate the promotion of energy efficient air conditioning, air-conditioning industry to promote sound and rapid development. In particular, the “energy saving products projects that benefit the” half-year ago, the promotion of energy efficient air conditioning achieved remarkable results, optimize the product structure, advancement in technology, energy efficiency level of air-conditioning industry as a whole to achieve a new leap forward. At present, the energy efficient air conditioner market share of over 50%, mainly air-conditioning manufacturers already have energy efficiency standards under the new organization of production capacity.

China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of air conditioners, air conditioning and new social ownership in huge sales. It is estimated that China’s annual consumption of room air conditioners more than 100 billion kwh, representing large and medium cities in summer peak load of 30%. Improve the energy efficiency of room air conditioners on peak shaving down load, ease the power supply and demand contradiction of great significance for achieving the national “Eleventh Five-Year” energy saving important role in promoting the overall objective.

The standard will be on June 1 this year, come into force. Preliminary estimates, the implementation of the standards may be in power-saving 3.3 billion kwh.

Upcoming Events: 2010 3 16 Day? March 18 CIHE & HVAC2010 China (Beijing) International Air Conditioning Expo

2010 4 07 Day? April 9th International Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Heating , Ventilation and Food Canned Exhibition

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China Foreign Exchange Trade System & National Interbank Fund – Forex Options Market Overview

China Foreign Exchange Trade System & National Interbank Fund

The forex options market started as an over-the-counter (OTC) financial vehicle for large banks, financial institutions and large international corporations to hedge against foreign currency exposure. Like the forex spot market, the forex options market is considered an “interbank” market. However, with the plethora of real-time financial data and forex option trading software available to most investors through the internet, today’s forex option market now includes an increasingly large number of individuals and corporations who are speculating and/or hedging foreign currency exposure via telephone or online forex trading platforms. China Foreign Exchange Trade System & National Interbank Fund

Forex option trading has emerged as an alternative investment vehicle for many traders and investors. As an investment tool, forex option trading provides both large and small investors with greater flexibility when determining the appropriate forex trading and hedging strategies to implement.

Most forex options trading is conducted via telephone as there are only a few forex brokers offering online forex option trading platforms.

Forex Option Defined – A forex option is a financial currency contract giving the forex option buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a specific forex spot contract (the underlying) at a specific price (the strike price) on or before a specific date (the expiration date). The amount the forex option buyer pays to the forex option seller for the forex option contract rights is called the forex option “premium.”

The Forex Option Buyer – The buyer, or holder, of a foreign currency option has the choice to either sell the foreign currency option contract prior to expiration, or he or she can choose to hold the foreign currency options contract until expiration and exercise his or her right to take a position in the underlying spot foreign currency. The act of exercising the foreign currency option and taking the subsequent underlying position in the foreign currency spot market is known as “assignment” or being “assigned” a spot position. China Foreign Exchange Trade System & National Interbank Fund

The only initial financial obligation of the foreign currency option buyer is to pay the premium to the seller up front when the foreign currency option is initially purchased. Once the premium is paid, the foreign currency option holder has no other financial obligation (no margin is required) until the foreign currency option is either offset or expires.

On the expiration date, the call buyer can exercise his or her right to buy the underlying foreign currency spot position at the foreign currency option’s strike price, and a put holder can exercise his or her right to sell the underlying foreign currency spot position at the foreign currency option’s strike price. Most foreign currency options are not exercised by the buyer, but instead are offset in the market before expiration.

Foreign currency options expires worthless if, at the time the foreign currency option expires, the strike price is “out-of-the-money.” In simplest terms, a foreign currency option is “out-of-the-money” if the underlying foreign currency spot price is lower than a foreign currency call option’s strike price, or the underlying foreign currency spot price is higher than a put option’s strike price. Once a foreign currency option has expired worthless, the foreign currency option contract itself expires and neither the buyer nor the seller have any further obligation to the other party.

The Forex Option Seller – The foreign currency option seller may also be called the “writer” or “grantor” of a foreign currency option contract. The seller of a foreign currency option is contractually obligated to take the opposite underlying foreign currency spot position if the buyer exercises his right. In return for the premium paid by the buyer, the seller assumes the risk of taking a possible adverse position at a later point in time in the foreign currency spot market. China Foreign Exchange Trade System & National Interbank Fund

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